摘要： FIDIC 合同通用条件 （第1-4条中英文） FIDIC General Conditions FIDIC简介 FIDIC全称为国际咨询工程师联合会（Fdration Internationale Des Ingnieurs-Conseils），FIDIC是该联合会法语名称的字头缩写。许多国家和地区都有自己民间的咨询工程师协会，这些
FIDIC合同通用条件 （第1-4条 中英文）
FIDIC General Conditions
FIDIC 简介
FIDIC全称为国际咨询工程师联合会（Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils），FIDIC是该联合会法语名称的字头缩写。许多国家和地区都有自己民间的咨询工程师协会，这些协会的国际联合会就是“FIDIC”。
FIDIC的起源和发展
FIDIC于1913年在英国成立。第二次世界大战结束后FIDIC发展迅速起来。至今已有60多个国家和地区成为其会员。中国于1996年正式加入。FIDIC总部机构现设于瑞士洛桑（FIDIC P.O.Box 861000 Lausanne 12，Switzerland）。FIDIC是世界上多数独立的咨询工程师的代表，是最具权威的咨询工程师组织，它推动着全球范围内高质量、高水平的工程咨询服务业的发展。
FIDIC合同体系的适用范围及特点
FIDIC作为国际工程管理界的权威性组织，其编制的合同条件范本在国际建筑业得到了广泛的应用和好评。在1999年新版合同条件出版之前，FIDIC主要编制出版了五本合同条件，应用于不同的工程建设施工和咨询服务采购合同，它们分别为：
◆土木工程施工合同条件（简称“红皮书”）； ◆电气与机械工程合同条件（简称“黄皮书”）；
◆设计-建造与交钥匙项目合同条件（简称“橘皮书”） ◆土木工程施工分包合同（与红皮书配套采用）。
◆业主/咨询工程师标准服务协议书（简称“白皮书”）；
FEDIC合同通用条件 FEDIC General Conditions
1 一般规定(1. General Provisions) 1.1定义(1.1 Definitions)
在包括专用条件和本通用条件的合同条件（“本合同条件”）中，以下措辞和用语的含义如下所述。除非上下文中另有要求，指当事人和当事各方的词包括公司和其它法律实体。
In the Conditions of Contract ("these Conditions"), which include Particular Conditions and these General Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings stated. Words indicating persons or parties include corporations and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise.
1.1.1 合同(1.1.1 The Contract)
1.1.1.1“合同(Contract)”指合同协议书、中标函、投标函、本合同条件、规范、图纸、资料表、以及在合同协议书或中标函中列明的其它进一步的文件(如有时)。
1.1.1.1 "Contract" means the Contract Agreement, the Letter of Acceptance, the Letter of Tender, these Conditions, the Specification, the Drawings, the Schedules, and the further documents (if any) which are listed in the Contract Agreement or in the Letter of Acceptance.
1.1.1.2“合同协议书(Contract Agreement)”指第1.6款【合同协议】中所说明的合同协议(如有时)。
1.1.1.2 "Contract Agreement" means the contract agreement (if any) referred to in Sub-Clause 1.6 [Contract Agreement].
1.1.1.3“中标函(Letter of Acceptance)”指雇主对投标文件签署的正式接受函，包括其后所附的备忘录(由合同各方达成并签定的协议构成)。在没有此中标函的情况下，“中标函”一词就指合同协议书，颁发或接收中标函的日期就指双方签订合同协议书的日期。
1.1.1.3 "Letter of Acceptance" means the letter of formal acceptance, signed by the Employer, of the Letter of Tender, including any annexed memoranda comprising agreements between and signed by both Parties. If there is no such letter of acceptance, the expression "Letter of Acceptance" means the Contract Agreement and the date of issuing or receiving the Letter of Acceptance means the date of signing the Contract Agreement.
1.1.1.4“投标函(Letter of Tender)”指名称为投标函的文件，由承包商填写，包括已签字的对雇主的工程报价。
1.1.1.4 "Letter of Tender" means the document entitled letter of tender, which was completed by the Contractor and includes the signed offer to the Employer for the Works.
1.1.1.5“规范(Specification)”指合同中名称为规范的文件，及根据合同规定对规范的增加和修改。此文件具体描述了工程。
1.1.1.5 "Specification" means the document entitled specification, as included in the Contract, and any additions and modifications to the specification in accordance with the Contract. Such document specifies the Works.
1.1.1.6“图纸(Drawings)”指合同中规定的工程图纸，及由雇主(或代表)根据合同颁发的对图纸的增加和修改。
1.1.1.6 "Drawings" means the drawings of the Works, as included in the Contract, and any additional and modified drawings issued by (or on behalf of, the Employer in accordance with the Contract.
1.1.1.7“资料表(Schedules)”指合同中名称为资料表的文件，由承包商填写并随投标函提交。此文件可能包括工程量表、数据、列表、及费率和/或单价表。
1.1.1.7 "Schedules" means the document(s) entitled schedules, completed by the Contractor and submitted with the Letter of Tender, as included in the Contract. Such document may include the Bill of Quantities, data, lists, and schedules of rates and/or prices
1.1.1.8“投标文件(Tender)”指投标函和合同中规定的承包商应随投标函提交的其它所有文件。
1.1.1.8 "Tender" means the Letter of Tender and all other documents which the Contractor submitted with the Letter of Tender, as included in the Contract.
1.1.1.9“投标函附录(Appendix to Tender)”指名称为投标函附录并已填写完毕的文件，附于投标函之后并构成投标函的一部分。
1.1.1.9 "Appendix to Tender" means the completed pages entitled appendix to tender which are appended to and form part of the Letter of Tender.
1.1.1.10 “工程量表(Bill of Quantities)”和“计日工计划(Daywork Schedule)”指资料表中如此命名的文件(如有时)。
1.1.1.10 "Bill of Quantities" and "Day work Schedule" mean the documents so named (if any) which are comprised in the Schedules.
1.1.2 当事各方和当事人 1.1.2 Parties and Persons
1.1.2.1“一方(Party)”指雇主或承包商(根据上下文而定)。
1.1.2.1 "Party" means the Employer or the Contractor, as the context requires.
1.1.2.2“雇主(Employer)”指在投标函附录中指定为雇主的当事人或此当事人的合法继承人。
1.1.2.2 "Employer" means the person named as employer in the Appendix to Tender and the legal successors in title to this person.
1.1.2.3“承包商(Contractor)”指在雇主收到的投标函中指明为承包商的当事人(一个或多个)及其合法继承人。
1.1.2.3 "Contractor" means the person(s) named as contractor in the Letter of Tender accepted by the Employer and the legal successors in title to this person(s).
1.1.2.4“工程师(Engineer)”指雇主为合同之目的指定作为工程师工作并在投标函附录中指明的人员，或由雇主按照第3.4款【工程师的撤换】随时指定并通知承包商的其他人员。
1.1.2.4 "Engineer" means the person appointed by the Employer to act as the Engineer for the purposes of the Contract and named in the Appendix to Tender, or other person appointed from time to time by the Employer and noted to the Contractor under Sub-Clause 3.4 [Replacement of the Engineer].
1.1.2.5“承包商的代表(Contractor’s Representitive)”指承包商在合同中指定的或由承包商按照第4.3款【承包商的代表】随时指定的代表承包商的人员。
1.1.2.5 "Contractor's Representative" means the person named by the Contractor in the Contract or appointed from time to time by the Contractor under Sub-Clause 4.3 [Contractor's Representative], who acts on behalf of the Contractor.
1.1.2.6“雇主的人员”指工程师，第3.2款【工程师的授权】中所指的工程师助理以及所有其他职员、劳工和工程师或雇主的其他雇员；以及所有其他由雇主或工程师作为雇主的人员通知给承包商的人员。
1.1.2.6 "Employer's Personnel" means the Engineer, the assistants referred to in Sub-Clause 3.2 [Delegation by the Engineer] and all other staff, labour and other employees of the Engineer and of the Employer; and any other personnel notified to the Contractor, by the Employer or the Engineer, as Employer's Personnel.
1.1.2.7“承包商的人员”指承包商的代表和所有承包商在现场使用的人员，包括职员、劳工和承包商及各分包商的其他雇员；以及其他所有帮助承包商实施工程的人员。
1.1.2.7 "Contractor's Personnel" means the Contractor's Representative and all personnel whom the Contractor utilises on Site, who may include the staff, labour and other employees of the Contractor and of each Subcontractor; and any other personnel assisting the Contractor in the execution of the Works.
1.1.2.8“分包商”指合同中指明为分包商的所有人员，或为部分工程指定为分包商的人员；及所有上述人员的合法继承人。
1.1.2.8 "Subcontractor" means any person named in the Contract as a subcontractor, or any person appointed as a subcontractor, for a part of the Works; and the legal successors in title to each of these persons.
1.1.2.9“争端裁决委员会”指合同中如此命名的一个或三个当事人，或按照第20.2款【争端裁决委员会的委任】或按照第20.3款【未能同意争端裁决委员会的委任】指定的其他人员(一个或多个)。
1.1.2.9 "DAB" means the person or three persons so named in the Contract, or other person(s) appointed under Sub-Clause 20.2 [Appointment of the Dispute Adjudication Board] or Sub-Clause 20.3 [Failure to Agree Dispute Adjudication Board]
1.1.2.10 “FIDIC”指国际咨询工程师联合会。1.1.2.10 "FIDIC" means the international federation of consulting Engineers.
1.1.3 日期、检验、期限和完成1.1.3 Dates, Tests, Periods and Completion
1.1.3.1“基准日期”指提交投标文件截止日前28天的当日。
1.1.3.1 "Base Date" means the date 28 days prior to the latest date for of the Tender
1.1.3.2“开工日期”指按照第8.1款【工程的开工】通知的日期。
1.1.3.2 "Commencement Date" means the date notified under Sub-Clause 8.1 (commencement of works)
1.1.3.3“竣工时间”指在投标函附录中说明的,按照第8.2款【竣工时间】的规定，由开工日期算起到工程或某一区段(视情况而定)完工的日期(包括按照第8.4款【竣工时间的延长】决定的任何延期)。
1.1.3.3 "Time for Completion" means the time for completing the Works or a Section (as the case may be) under Sub-Clause 8.2 [Time for Completion], as stated in the Appendix to Tender (with any extension under Sub Clause 8.4- [Extension of Time for Completion]), calculated from the Commencement Date.
1.1.3.4“竣工检验”指在雇主接收工程或某区段(视情况而定)前按照第9款【竣工检验】进行的检验，此检验可在合同中说明、或由双方协商决定、或以变更的形式被指示进行。
1.1.3.4 "Tests on Completion" means the tests which are specified in the Contract or agreed by both Parties or instructed as a Variation, and which are carried. out under Clause 9 [Tests on Completion] before the Works or a Section (as the case may be) are taken over by the Employer.
1.1.3.5“接收证书”指按照第10条【雇主的接收】颁发的证书。
1.1.3.5 "Taking-Over Certificate" means a certificate issued under Clause 10 [Employer's Taking Over].
1.1.3.6“竣工后的检验”指合同中规定的，在雇主接收了工程或某区段(视情况而定)后，按照特殊应用条款的规定进行的检验(如有时)。
1.1.3.6 "Tests after Completion" means the tests (if any) which are specked in the Contract and which are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Particular Conditions after the Works or a Section (as the case may be) are taken over by the Employer.
1.1.3.7“缺陷通知期”指根据投标函附录中的规定，从工程或区段按照第10.1款【工程或区段的接收】被证明完工的日期算起，到按照第11.1款【完成扫尾工作和修补缺陷】通知工程或该区段(视情况而定)中的缺陷的期限(包括按照第11.3款【缺陷通知期的延长】决定的任何延期)。
1.1.3.7 "Defects Notification Period" means the period for notifying defects in the Works or a Section (as the case may be) under Sub-Clause 11.1 [Completion of Outstanding Work and Remedying Defects], as stated in the Appendix to Tender (with any extension under Sub-Clause 11.3 [Extension of Defects Notification Period]), calculated from the date on which the Works or Section is completed as certified under Sub-Clause 10.1 [Taking Over of the Works and Sections].
1.1.3.8“履约证书”指按照第11.9款【履约证书】颁发的证书。
1.1.3.8 "Performance Certificate" means the certificate issued under Sub¬ Clause 11.9 [Performance Certificate].
1.1.3.9“日”指一个公历日，而“年”指365天。1.1.3.9 "day" means a calendar day and "year" means 365 days.
1.1.4 款项与支付1.1.4 Money and Payments
1.1.4.1“接受的合同款额”指雇主在中标函中对实施、完成和修补工程所接受的金额。
1.1.4.1 "Accepted Contract Amount" means the amount accepted in the Letter of Acceptance for the execution and completion of the Works and the
1.1.4.2“合同价格”指第14.1款【合同价格】中定义的价格，包括根据合同所做的调整。
1.1.4.2 "Contract Price" means the price defined in Sub-Clause 14.1 [The Contract Price], and includes adjustments in accordance with the Contract.
1.1.4.3“费用”指承包商在现场内或现场外正当发生(或将要发生)的所有开支，包括管理费和类似支出，但不包括利润。
1.1.4.3 "Cost" means all expenditure reasonably incurred (or to be incurred) by the Contractor, whether on or off the Site, including overhead and similar charges, but does not include profit.
1.1.4.4“最终支付证书”指按照第14.13款【最终支付证书的颁发】颁发的支付证书。
1.1.4.4 "Final Payment Certificate" means the payment certificate issued under Sub-Clause 14.13 [Issue of Final Payment Certificate].
1.1.4.5“最终报表”指第14.11款【最终支付证书的申请】中定义的报表。
1.1.4.5 "Final Statement" means the statement defined in Sub-Clause 14.11 [Application for Final Payment Certificate].
1.1.4.6“外币”指可用来支付部分(或全部)合同价格的某种货币，但不指当地货币。
1.1.4.6 "Foreign Currency" means a currency in which part (or all) of the Contract Price is payable, but not the Local Currency.
1.1.4.7“期中支付证书”指根据第14条【合同价格和支付】颁发的付款证书，但不包括最终支付证书。
1.1.4.7 "Interim Payment Certificate" means a payment certificate issued under Clause 14 [Contract Price and Payment], other than the Final Payment Certificate.
1.1.4.8“当地币”指工程所在国的货币。1.1.4.8 "Local Currency" means the currency of the Country.
1.1.4.9“支付证书”指按照第14条【合同价格和支付】颁发的支付证书。
1.1.4.9 "Payment Certificate" means a payment certificate issued under Clause 14 [ Contract Price and Payment ].
1.1.4.10 “暂定金额”指合同中指明为暂定金额的一笔金额(如有时)，用于按照第13.5款【暂定金额】实施工程的任何部分或提供永久设备、材料和服务的一笔金额(如有时)。
1.1.4.10 "Provisional Sum" means a sum (if any) which is specified in the Contract as a provisional sum, for the execution of any part of the Works or for the supply of Plant, Materials or services under Sub-Clause 13.5 [Provisional Sums].
1.1.4.11 “保留金”指雇主按照第14.3款【期中支付证书的申请】扣留并按第14.9款【保留金的支付】支付的累计的保留金。
1.1.4.11 "Retention Money" means the accumulated retention moneys which the Employer retains under Sub-Clause 14.3 [Application for Interim Payment Certificates] and pays under Sub-Clause 14.9 [Payment of Retention Money].
1.1.4.12 “报表”指承包商按照第14条【合同价格和支付】申请支付证书时作为申请一部分而提交的报表。
1.1.4.12 "Statement" means a statement submitted by the Contractor as part of an application, under Clause 14 [Contract Price and Payment], for a payment certificate.
1.1.5 工程和货物1.1.5 Works and Goods
1.1.5.1“承包商的设备”指用于实施和完成工程以及修补缺陷所需要的全部机械、仪器、车辆和其它设备。其中不包括临时工程、雇主的设备(如有时)、永久设备、材料和所有其它将构成或构成永久工程一部分的任何物品。
1.1.5.1 "Contractor's Equipment" means all apparatus, machinery, vehicles and the remedying of any defects. However, Contractor Equipment excludes Temporary Works, Employer’s Equipment (if any), Plant, Materials and any other things intended to form or forming part of the pavement works.
1.1.5.2“货物”指承包商的设备、材料、永久设备和临时工程，或视情况指其中之一。
1.1.5.2 "Goods" means Contractor's equipment, Materials, Plant and Temporary Works, or any of them as appropriate.
1.1.5.3“材料”指将构成或构成部分永久工程的各类物品(永久设备除外)，包括由承包商按照合同仅负责供应的材料(如有时)。
1.1.5.3 "Materials,, means things of all kinds (other than Plant) intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works, including the supply-only materials (if any) to be supplied by the Contractor under the Contract.
1.1.5.4“永久工程”指将由承包商按照合同实施的永久工程。
1.1.5.4 "Permanent Works" means the permanent works to be executed by the Contractor under the Contract.
1.1.5.5“永久设备”指将构成或构成部分永久工程的机械、仪器和车辆。
1.1.5.5 "Plant" means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works.
1.1.5.6“区段”指投标函附录中指明为区段的部分工程(如有时)。
1.1.5.6 "Section" means apart of the Works specified in the Appendix to Tender as a Section (if any).
1.1.5.7“临时工程”指为了实施和完成永久工程以及修补任何缺陷在现场上所需的各种类型的临时工程(承包商的设备除外)。
1.5.7 "Temporary Works" means all temporary works of every kind (other than Contractor's Equipment) required on Site for the execution and completion of the Permanent Works and the remedying of any defects.
1.1.5.8“工程”指永久工程和临时工程，或视情况指其中之一。
1.1.5.8 "Works" mean the Permanent Works and the Temporary Works, or either of them as appropriate.
1.1.6 其它定义1.1.6 Other Definitions
1.1.6.1“承包商的文件”指由承包商按照合同规定提交的计算书、计算机程序及其它软件、图纸、手册、模型、和其它技术性文件(如有时)。1.1.6.1 "Contractor's
1.1.6.2“工程所在国”指现场(或大部分现场)所在的国家，永久工程将在此实施。
1.1.6.2 "Country" means the country in which the Site (or most of it) is located, where the Permanent Works are to be executed.
1.1.6.3“雇主的设备”指规范中说明的，在实施工程的过程中，雇主提供给承包商使用的机械、仪器和车辆(如有时)；但不包括尚未被雇主接收的永久设备。
1.1.6.3 "Employer's Equipment" means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles (if any) made available by the Employer for the use of the Contractor in the execution of the Works, as stated in the Specification; but does not include Plant which has not been taken over by the Employer.
1.1.6.4“不可抗力”如第19条【不可抗力】中所定义。1.1.6.4 "Force Majeure" is defined in Clause 19 [Force Majeure]
1.1.6.5“法律”指所有国家(或州)的立法、法令、法规和其它法律、任何合法设立的政府机构的规章和章程。
1.1.6.5 "Laws" means all national (or state) legislation, statutes, ordinances and other laws, and regulations and by-laws of any legally constituted public authority.
1.1.6.6“履约保证”指第4.2款【履约保证】中的保证(可能有多份)。
1.1.6.6 "Performance Security" means the security (or securities, if any) under Sub-Clause 4.2 [Performance Security].
1.1.6.7“现场”指永久工程将要实施且永久设备和材料将运达的地点，及其它合同中规定为现场一部分的地点。
1.1.6.7 "Site" means the places where the Permanent Works are to be executed and to which Plant and Materials are to be delivered, and any other places as may be specified in the Contract as forming part of the Site.
1.1.6.8“不可预见”指一个有经验的承包商在提交投标文件那天还不能合理预见的。
1.1.6.8 "Unforeseeable" means not reasonably foreseeable by an experienced contractor by the date for submission of the Tender. 1.1.6.9“变更”指按照第13条【变更和调整】被指示或批准作为变更的对工程的任何变动。
1.1.6.9 "Variation" means any change to the Works, which is instructed or approved as a variation under Clause 13 [Variations and Adjustments].
1.2解释1.2 Interpretation
在合同中，除非文中另有规定，否则：In the Contract, except where the context requires otherwise:
（a） 表示阳性、阴性或中性的词包括所有的性别；（b）单数形式的词亦包括复数含义，复数形式的词亦包括单数含义；
（c）包括“同意”、“批准”或“协议”这些字眼的规定，要求将涉及的协议书面记录下来，且
（d） “书面的”或“书面地”指手写、打字、印刷或运用电子技术制做，并形成了永久性的记录。
(d) "written" or "in writing" means hand-written, type-written, printed or electronically made, and resulting in a permanent record.
解释本合同条件时，不应考虑旁注和其它标题。
The marginal words and other headings shall not be taken into consideration in the interpretation of these Conditions.
1.3通讯联络1.3 Communications
在合同条件中，无论何处述及发出或颁发批准、证书、同意、决定、通知和要求，这些通讯联络均应：
Wherever these Conditions provide for the giving or issuing of approvals, certificates, consents, determinations, notices and requests, these communications shall be:
（a）为书面的，且应派人面交并取得收据，或者邮寄，或由信使送达，或按投标函附录中所列通过经同意的电子传输系统传输；且
(a) in writing and delivered by hand (against receipt), sent by mail or courier, or transmitted using any of the agreed systems of electronic transmission as stated in the Appendix to Tender; and
（b）递交、邮寄或传输到投标函附录中规定的收件人地址。但是：
(b) delivered, sent or transmitted to the address for the recipient's communications as stated in the Appendix to Tender. However:（i）如果收件人发出了更改地址的通知，其后的信件应投送到相应的地址；且
(i) if the recipient gives notice of another address, communications shall thereafter be delivered accordingly; and
（ii）如果收件人在要求批准或同意时没有另做说明，此批准或同意可送达发出要求的地址。
(ii) if the recipient has not stated otherwise when requesting an approval or consent, it may be sent to the address from which the request was issued.
批准、证书、同意及决定不得被无理扣压或拖延。向一方颁发证书时，颁发者应向另一方送交一份复印件。当另一方或工程师向一方发出通知时，应向工程师或另一方送交一份复印件(视情况而定)。
Approvals, certificates, consents and determinations shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. When a certificate is issued to a Party, the certifier shall send a copy to the other Party. When a notice is issued to a Party, by the other Parry or the Engineer, a copy shall be sent to the Engineer or the other Party, as the case may be.
1.4法律和语言1.4 Law and Language
合同应受投标函附录中规定的国家(或其它管辖区域)的法律的制约。
The Contract shall be governed by the law of the country (or other jurisdiction) stated in the Appendix to Tender.
如果合同的任何部分使用一种以上语言编写，从而构成了不同的版本，则以投标函附录中规定的主导语言编写的版本优先。
If there are versions of any part of the Contract which are written in more than one language, the version which is in the ruling language stated in the Appendix to Tender shall prevail.
往来信函应使用投标函附录中规定的语言。如果投标函附录中没有规定，则往来信函应使用编写合同(或大部分合同)的语言。
The language for communications shall be that stated in the Appendix to Tender. If no language is stated there, the language for communications shall be the language in which the Contract (or most of it) is written.
1.5文件的优先次序1.5 Priority of documents
构成合同的各个文件应被视作互为说明的。为解释之目的，各文件的优先次序如下：
The documents forming the Contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another. For the purposes of interpretation, the priority of the documents shall be in accordance with the following sequence:
（a） 合同协议书(如有时)，(a) the Contract Agreement (if any),（b）中标函，(b) the Letter of Acceptance,
（c）投标函，(c) the Letter of Tender,（d）专用条件，(d) the Particular Conditions,
（e）本通用条件(e) these General Conditions,（f） 规范(f) the Specification,（g）图纸，和(g) the Drawings, and
（h）资料表以及其它构成合同一部分的文件。(h) the Schedules and any other documents forming part of the Contract.
如果在合同文件中发现任何含混或矛盾之处，工程师应颁发任何必要的澄清或指示。
If an ambiguity or discrepancy is found in the documents, the Engineer shall issue any necessary clarification or instruction.
1.6合同协议书1.6 Contract Agreement
除非双方另有协议，否则双方应在承包商收到中标函后的28天内签订合同协议书。合同协议书应以专用条件后所附的格式为基础。法律规定的与签订合同协议书有关的印花税和其它类似费用(如有时)应由雇主承担。
The Parties shall enter into a Contract Agreement within 28 days after the Contractor receives the Letter of Acceptance, unless they agree otherwise. The Contract Agreement shall be based upon the form annexed to the Particular Conditions. The costs of stamp duties and similar charges (if any) imposed by law in connection with entry into the Contract Agreement shall be borne by the Employer.
1.7转让1.7 Assignment
任一方都不得转让整个或部分合同或转让根据合同应得的利益或权益。但一方：
Neither Party shall assign the whole or any part of the Contract or any benefit or interest in or under the Contract. However, either Party:
（a）经另一方的事先同意可以转让整个或部分合同，决定权完全在于另一方,
(a) may assign the whole or any part with the prior agreement of the other Party, at the sole discretion of such other Party,
（b）可将其按照合同对任何到期或将到期的金额所享有的权利，以银行或金融机构作为受益人，作为抵押转让出去。
(b) may, as security in favour of a bank or financial institution, assign its right to any moneys due, or to become due, under the Contract.
1.8文件的保管和提供1.8Care and Supply of documents
规范和图纸应由雇主�；ず捅９�。除非合同另有规定，否则雇主应向承包商提供合同及每份后续图纸的两份复印件，承包商可自行复制或要求雇主为其提供更多的复印件，但费用自理。
The Specification and Drawings shall be in the custody and care of the Employer. Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, two copies of the Contract and of each subsequent Drawing shall be supplied to the Contractor, who may make or request further copies at the cost of the Contractor.
在移交给雇主之前，每份承包商的文件都应由承包商来�；ず捅９堋３呛贤碛泄娑�，否则承包商应向工程师提供6份承包商的所有文件的复印件。
Each of the Contractor's documents shall be in the custody and care of the Contractor, unless and until taken over by the Employer. Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, the Contractor shall supply to the Engineer six copies of each of the Contractor's documents.
承包商应在现场保留一份合同的复印件、规范中列出的所有文件、承包商的文件(如有时)、图纸和变更以及其它按照合同收发的往来信函。雇主的人员有权在任何合理的时间查看和使用所有上述文件。
The Contractor shall keep, on the Site, a copy of the Contract, publications named in the Specification, the Contractor's documents (if any), the Drawings and Variations and other communications given under the Contract. The Employer's Personnel shall have the right of access to all these documents at all reasonable times.
如果一方在用于施工的文件中发现了技术性错误或缺陷，应立即向另一方通知此类错误或缺陷。
If a Party becomes aware of an error or defect of a technical nature in a document which was prepared for use in executing the Works, the Party shall promptly give notice to the other Party of such error or defect.
1.9拖延的图纸或指示1.9 Delayed Drawings or Instructions
当因必要的图纸或指示不能在一合理的特定时间内颁发给承包商，从而可能引起工程延误或中断时，承包商应通知工程师。通知中应包括所必需的图纸或指示的详细内容、应颁发的详细理由和时间，以及如果因图纸或指示迟发可能造成的延误或中断的具体性质和程度。
The Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer whenever the Works are likely to be delayed or disrupted if any necessary drawing or instruction is not issued to the Contractor within a particular time, which shall be reasonable. The notice shall include details of the necessary drawing or instruction, details of why and by when it should be issued, and details of the nature and amount of the delay or disruption likely to be suffered if it is late.
如果因工程师未能在一合理的、且已在(附有详细证据的)通知中说明的时间内颁发承包商在通知中要求的图纸或指示，而导致承包商延误和(/或)招致费用增加时，承包商应向工程师发出进一步的通知，且按照第20.1款【承包商的索赔】有权获得：
If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure of the Engineer to issue the notified drawing or instruction within a time which is reasonable and is specified in the notice with supporting details, the Contractor shall give a further notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:
（a） 根据第8.4款【竣工时间的延长】对任何此类延误的一段延期，如果竣工被拖延或将被拖延；及
(a)an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and
（b）对此费用加上合理利润的支付，此支付应包括在合同价中。
(b)payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be included in the Contract Price.
收到上述进一步的通知后，工程师应按照第3.5款【决定】对这些事项表示批准或作出决定。
After receiving this further notice, the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub¬ Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine these matters.
但是，如果工程师未能及时提供图纸或指示是由承包商的错误或延误(包括递交承包商的文件时的错误和延误)引起的，则承包商无权获得上述延期、费用或利润。
However, if and to the extent that the Engineer's failure was caused by any error or delay by the Contractor, including an error in, or delay in the submission of, any of the Contractor's documents, the Contractor shall not be entitled to such extension of time, Cost or profit.
1.10雇主使用承包商的文件1.10 Employer's Use of Contractor's documents
在合同双方之间，承包商应对承包商的文件和其它由承包商(或承包商授权的人员)编制的设计文件保留版权和其它知识产权。
As between the Parties 'the Contractor shall retain the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Contractor's documents and other design documents made by (or on behalf of) the Contractor
应认为承包商通过签订合同给予了雇主复印、使用及传输(包括修改和使用对其的修改)承包商的文件的免费使用的许可证，此许可证是无限期的、可转让且非专用的。此许可证应：
The Contractor shall be deemed (by signing the Contract) to give to the Employer a non-terminable transferable non-exclusive royalty-free licence to copy, use and communicate the Contractor's documents, including making and using modifications of them. This licence shall:
（a） 在工程各有关部分的实际或预期工作期（取较长者）内有效，
(a)apply throughout the actual or intended working life (whichever is longer) of the relevant parts of the Works,
（b）使任何合法拥有工程有关部分的当事人为完成、操作、维护、改变、调整、修理和拆除工程之目的，复印、使用、传输承包商的文件，且
(b)entitle any person in proper possession of the relevant part of the Works to copy, use and communicate the Contractor's documents for the purposes of completing, operating, maintaining, altering, adjusting, repairing and demolishing the Works, and
（c）在承包商的文件采用计算机程序和其它软件形式的情况下，允许其在置于现场及其它合同中许可的地点的计算机(包括由承包商提供的代用计算机)上使用。
(c)in the case of Contractor's documents which are in the form of computer programs and other software, permit their use on any computer on the Site and other places as envisaged by the Contract, including replacements of any computers supplied by the Contractor.
未经承包商同意，雇主不得因本款规定外的任何目的为第三方复印、使用或传输承包商的文件及其它任何由承包商(或承包商授权的人员)编制的设计文件。
The Contractor's documents and other design documents made by (or on behalf of) the Contractor shall not, without the Contractor's consent, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by (or on behalf of) the Employer for purposes other than those permitted under this Sub-Clause.
1.11承包商使用雇主的文件1.11 Contractor's Use of Employer's documents
在合同双方之间，雇主应对规范、图纸和其它由雇主(或雇主授权的人员)编制的设计文件保留版权和其它知识产权。承包商可为合同之目的，自费复印、使用、及传输上述文件。除非因履行合同而必需，否则不经雇主同意，承包商不得为第三方复印、使用、或传输上述文件。
As between the Parties, the Employer shall retain the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Specification, the Drawings and other documents made by (or on behalf of) the Employer. The Contractor may, at his cost, copy, use, and obtain communication of these documents for the purposes of the Contract. They shall not, without the Employer's consent, be copied, used or communicated to a third party by the Contractor, except as necessary for the purposes of the Contract.
1.12保密事项1.12 Confidential Details
为证实承包商是否遵守合同，他应按照工程师的合理要求透露其要求的保密事项和其它情况。
The Contractor shall disclose all such confidential and other information as the Engineer may reasonably require in order to verify the Contractor's compliance with the Contract.
1.13遵守法律1.13 Compliance with Laws
除非在专用条件中另有说明，履行合同时，承包商应遵守适用的法律的规定：
The Contractor shall, in performing the Contract, comply with applicable Laws. Unless otherwise sated in the Particular conditions:
（a） 雇主应已经(或将要)获得永久工程的规划、分区和其它类似许可，及规范中说明已经(或将要)由雇主取得的其它许可；雇主应保障承包商不受其未得到上述许可的后果的侵害；且
(a)the Employer shall have obtained (or shall obtain) the planning, zoning or similar permission for the Permanent Works, and any other permissions described in the Specification as having been (or being) obtained by the Employer; and the Employer shall indemnify and hold the Contractor harmless against and from the consequences of any failure to do so; and
（b）对于法律中要求的与实施、完成工程和修补缺陷有关的各项事宜，应由承包商发出通知、支付税款、关税和费用，并获得所有的许可、许可证和批准；承包商应保障雇主免遭其未做到上述要求的后果的损失。
(b)the Contractor shall give all notices, pay all taxes, duties and fees, and obtain all permits, licences and approvals, as required by the Laws in relation to the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects; and the Contractor shall indemnify and hold the Employer harmless against and from the consequences of any failure to do so.
1.14共同的与各自的责任1.14 Joint and Several Liability
如果承包商是由两个或两个以上当事人组成的联营体、联合集团或其它联合团体时：
If the Contractor constitutes (under applicable Laws) a joint venture, consortium or other unincorporated grouping of two or more persons:
（a）应认为上述当事人应向雇主对合同的履行负共同的与各自的责任；
(a)these persons shall be deemed to be jointly and severally liable to the Employer for the performance of the Contract;
（b）上述当事人应向雇主通知他们的负责人，此负责人有权管理承包商及其中每位成员；且
(b)these persons shall notify the Employer of their leader who shall have authority to bind the Contractor and each of these persons; and
没有雇主的事先同意，承包商不得改变其组成或法律地位。
(c)the Contractor shall not alter its composition or legal status without the prior consent of the Employer.
2 雇主2. THE EMPLOYER
2.1进入现场的权利 2.1 Right of Access to the Site
雇主应在投标函附录中注明的时间（或各时间段）内给予承包商进入和占用现场所有部分的权利。此类进入和占用权可不为承包商独享。如果合同要求雇主赋予(承包商)对基础、结构、永久设备或通行手段的占用权，则雇主应在规范注明的时间内按照规范中规定的方式履行该职责。但是在收到履约保证之前，雇主可以不给予任何此类权利或占用。
The Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts of the Site within the time (or times) stated in the Appendix to Tender. The right and possession may not be exclusive to the Contractor. If, under the Contract, the Employer is required to give (to the Contractor) possession of any foundation, structure, plant or means of access, the Employer shall do so in the time and manner stated in the Specification. However, the Employer may withhold any such right or possession until the Performance Security has been received.
如果投标函附录中未注明时间，则雇主应在一合理的时间内给予承包商进入现场和占用现场的权利，此时间应能使承包商可以按照第8.3款【进度计划】提交的进度计划顺利开始施工。
If no such time is stated in the Appendix to Tender, the Employer shall give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, the Site within such times as may be required to enable the Contractor to proceed in accordance with the programme submitted under Sub-Clause 8.3 [Programme].
如果由于雇主一方未能在规定时间内给予承包商进入现场和占用现场的权利，致使承包商延误了工期和(或)增加了费用，承包商应向工程师发出通知，并依据第20.1款【承包商的索赔】有权：
If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure by the Employer to give any such right or possession within such time, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:
(a) 如果竣工已经或将被延误，根据第8.4款【竣工时间的延长】的规定，对所有此类延误获得延长的工期，；以及
(a) an extension of time for any such, delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and
(b) 获得任何有关费用加上合理利润的支付，并将之加入合同价格。
(b) payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be included in the Contract Price.
在收到此通知后，工程师应按照第3.5款【决定】对此事作出商定或决定。
After receiving this notice, the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub¬ Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine these matters.
然而，如果雇主的过失（并且在一定程度上）是由于承包商的某些错误或延误造成的，包括承包商的文件中的错误或提交的延误，则承包商无权要求获得此类延长的工期、费用或利润。
However, if and to the extent that the Employer's failure was caused by any error or delay by the Contractor, including an error in, or delay in the submission of, any of the Contractor's documents, the Contractor shall not be entitled to such extension of time, Cost or profit.
2.2许可、执照和批准2.2 Permits, Licences or Approval
雇主应根据承包商的请求，为以下事宜向承包商提供合理的协助（如果他的地位能够做到），以帮助承包商：
The Employer shall (where he is in a position to do so) provide reasonable assistance to the Contractor at the request of the Contractor:
(a) 获得与合同有关的但不易取得的工程所在国的法律的副本，以及
(a) by obtaining copies of the Laws of the Country which are relevant to the Contract but are not readily available, and
(b) 申请法律所要求的许可、执照或批准，包括
(b) for the Contractor's applications for any permits, licences or approvals required by the Laws of the Country:
(i) 依据第1.13款【遵守法律】要求承包商必须获得的，
(i)which the Contractor is required to obtain under Sub-Clause 1.13 [Compliance with Laws],
(ii) 为了货物的运送，包括清关所需的，以及(ii)for the delivery of Goods, including clearance through customs, and
(iii) 当承包商的设备运离现场而出口时所需的。(iii)for the export of Contractor's Equipment when it is removed from the
2.3雇主的人员2.3 Employer's Personnel
雇主有责任保证现场的雇主的人员和雇主的其他承包商：
The Employer shall be responsible for ensuring that the Employer's Personnel and the Employer's other contractors on the Site:
(a) 依照第4.6款【合作】为承包商的工作提供合作，以及
(a) co-operate with the Contractor's efforts under Sub-Clause 4.6 [Co-operation], and
(b) 采取类似于承包商按照第4.8款【安全措施】(a)、(b)和(c)段和第4.18款【环境�；ぁ康囊蠖Σ扇〉拇胧�
(b) take actions similar to those which the Contractor is required to take under sub¬paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Sub-Clause 4.8 [Safety Procedures] and under Sub-Clause 4.18 [Protection of the Environment].
2.4雇主的资金安排2.4 Employer's Financial Arrangements
在接到承包商的请求后，雇主应在28天内提供合理的证据，表明他已作出了资金安排，并将一直坚持实施这种安排，此安排能够使雇主按照第14条【合同价格和支付】的规定支付合同价格（按照当时的估算值）的款额。如果雇主欲对其资金安排做出任何实质性变更，雇主应向承包商发出通知并提供详细资料。
The Employer shall submit. within 28 days after receiving any request from the Contractor, reasonable evidence that financial arrangements have been made and are being maintained which will enable the Employer to pay the Contract Price (as estimated at that time) in accordance with Clause 14 [Contract Price and Payment]. If the Employer intends to make any material change to his financial arrangements, the Employer shall give notice to the Contractor with detailed particulars.
2.5雇主的索赔2.5Employer's Claims
如果雇主认为按照任何合同条件或其它与合同有关的条款规定他有权获得支付和（或）缺陷通知期的延长，则雇主或工程师应向承包商发出通知并说明细节。但对于按照第4.19款【电、水、气】、第4.20款【雇主的设备及免费提供的材料】的规定，承包商应支付的款额或其它因承包商要求某些服务而应支付的款额，则无须发出通知。
If the Employer considers himself to be entitled to any payment under any Clause of these Conditions or otherwise in connection with the Contract, and/or to any extension of the Defects Notification Period, the Employer or the Engineer shall give notice and particulars to the Contractor. However, notice is not required for payments due under Sub-Clause 4.19 [Electricity, Water and Gas], under Sub-Clause 4.20 [Employer's Equipment and Free-Issue Material], or
当雇主意识到某事件或情况可能导致索赔时应尽快地发出通知。涉及任何延期的通知应在相关缺陷通知期期满前发出。
The notice shall be given as soon as practicable after the Employer became aware of the event or circumstances giving rise to the claim. A notice relating to any extension of the Defects Notification Period shall be given before the expiry of such
在细节中应详细说明索赔条款或其它依据，包括雇主按照合同认为他自己有权获得的费用和（或）延期的证明，工程师应依据第3.5款【决定】作出商定或决定：(i) 雇主有权获得的由承包商支付的款额(如有时)，以及/或 (ii) 依据第11.3款【缺陷通知期的延长】给予缺陷通知期的延长（如有时）。
The particulars shall specify the Clause or other basis of the claim, and shall include substantiation of the amount and/or extension to which the Employer consider: himself to be entitled in connection with the Contract. The Engineer shall then proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine (i) the amount (if any) which the Employer is entitled to be paid by the Contractor, and/o¬(ii) the extension (if any) of the Defects Notification Period in accordance with Sub Clause 11.3 [Extension of Defects Notification Period].
此笔款额应在合同价格及支付证书中扣除。雇主仅有权从支付证书中确定的款额中抵消或扣除，或依据本款向承包商另外提出索赔。
This amount may be included as a deduction in the Contract Price and Payment Certificates. The Employer shall only be entitled to set off against or make any deduction from an amount certified in a Payment Certificate, or to otherwise claim against the Contractor, in accordance with this Sub-Clause.
3 工程师3. THE ENGINEER
3.1工程师的职责和权力3.1Engineer's Duties and
雇主应任命工程师，该工程师应履行合同中赋予他的职责。工程师的人员包括有恰当资格的工程师以及其他有能力履行上述职责的专业人员。
The Employer shall appoint the Engineer who shall carry out the duties assigned to Authority him in the Contract. The Engineer's staff shall include suitably qualified engineers and other professionals who are competent to carry out these duties.
工程师无权修改合同。
The Engineer shall have no authority to amend the Contract.
工程师可行使合同中明确规定的或必然隐含的赋予他的权力。如果要求工程师在行使其规定权力之前需获得雇主的批准，则此类要求应与合同专用条件中注明。雇主不能对工程师的权力加以进一步限制，除非与承包商达成一致。
The Engineer may exercise the authority attributable to the Engineer as specified in or necessarily to be implied from the Contract. If the Engineer is required to obtain the approval of the Employer before exercising a specified authority, the requirements shall be as stated in the Particular Conditions. The Employer undertakes not to impose further constraints on the Engineer's authority, except as agreed with the Contractor.
然而，每当工程师行使某种需经雇主批准的权力时，则被认为他已从雇主处得到任何必要的批准（为合同之目的）。
However, whenever the Engineer exercises a specified authority for which the Employer's approval is required, then (for the purposes of the Contract) the Employer shall be deemed to have given approval.
除非合同条件中另有说明，否则：
Except as otherwise stated in these Conditions:
(a) 当履行职责或行使合同中明确规定的或必然隐含的权力时，均认为工程师为雇主工作。
whenever carrying out duties or exercising authority, specified in or implied by the Contract, the Engineer shall be deemed to act for the Employer;
(b) 工程师无权解除任何一方依照合同具有的任何职责、义务或责任，以及
the Engineer has no authority to relieve either Party of any duties, obligations or responsibilities under the Contract; and
(c) 工程师的任何批准、审查、证书、同意、审核、检查、指示、通知、建议、请求、检验或类似行为（包括没有否定），不能解除承包商依照合同应具有的任何责任，包括对其错误、漏项、误差以及未能遵守合同的责任。
any approval, check, certificate, consent, examination, inspection, instruction, notice, proposal, request, test, or similar act by the Engineer (including absence of disapproval) shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility he has under the Contract, including responsibility for errors, omissions, discrepancies and non-compliances.
3.2工程师的授权3.2Delegation by theEngineer
工程师可以随时将他的职责和权力委托给助理，并可撤回此类委托或授权。这些助理包括现场工程师和（或）指定的对设备和（或）材料进行检查和（或）检验的独立检查人员。此类委托、授权或撤回应是书面的并且在合同双方接到副本之前不能生效。但是工程师不能授予其按照第3.5款【决定】的规定决定任何事项的权力，除非合同双方另有协议。
The Engineer may from time to time assign duties and delegate authority to assistants, and may also revoke such assignment or delegation. These assistants may include a resident engineer, and/or independent inspectors appointed to inspect and/or test items of Plant and/or Materials. The assignment, delegation or revocation shall be in writing and shall not take effect until copies have been received by both Parties. However, unless otherwise agreed by both Parties, the Engineer shall not delegate the authority to determine any matter in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations].
助理必须是合适的合格人员，有能力履行这些职责以及行使这种权力，并且能够流利地使用第1.4款【法律和语言】中规定的语言进行交流。
Assistants shall be suitably qualified persons, who are competent to carry out these duties and exercise this authority, and who are fluent in the language for communications defined in Sub-Clause 1.4 [Law and Language].
被委托职责或授予权力的每个助理只有权力在其被授权范围内对承包商发布指示。由助理按照授权作出的任何批准、审查、证书、同意、审核、检查、指示、通知、建议、请求、检验或类似行为，应与工程师作出的具有同等的效力。但：
Each assistant, to whom duties have been assigned or authority has been delegated, shall only be authorised to issue instructions to the Contractor to the extent defined by the delegation. Any approval, check, certificate, consent, examination, inspection, instruction, notice, proposal, request, test, or similar act by an assistant, in accordance with the delegation, shall have the same effect as though the act had been an act of the Engineer. However:
(a) 未对任何工作、永久设备及材料提出否定意见并不构成批准，也不影响工程师拒绝该工作、永久设备及材料的权利；
(a) any failure to disapprove any work, Plant or Materials shall not constitute approval, and shall therefore not prejudice the right of the Engineer to reject the work, Plant or Materials;
(b) 如果承包商对助理的任何决定或指示提出质疑，承包商可将此情况提交工程师，工程师应尽快对此类决定或指示加以确认、否定或更改。
(b) if the Contractor questions any determination or instruction of an assistant, the Contractor may refer the matter to the Engineer, who shall promptly confirm, reverse or vary the determination or instruction.
3.3工程师的指示3.3Instructions of the Engineer
工程师可以按照合同的规定（在任何时候）向承包商发出指示以及为实施工程和修补缺陷所必需的附加的或修改的图纸。承包商只能从工程师以及按照本条款授权的助理处接受指示。如果某一指示构成了变更，则适用于第13条【变更和调整】。
The Engineer may issue to the Contractor (at any time) instructions and additional or modified Drawings which may be necessary for the execution of the Works and the remedying of any defects, all in accordance with the Contract. The Contractor shall only take instructions from the Engineer, or from an assistant to whom the appropriate authority has been delegated under this Clause. If an instruction constitutes a Variation, Clause 13 (Variations and Adjustments) shall apply.
承包商必须遵守工程师或授权助理对有关合同的某些问题所发出的指示。只要有可能，这些指示均应是书面的。如果工程师或授权助理：
The Contractor shall comply with the instructions given by the Engineer or delegated assistant, on any matter related to the Contract. Whenever practicable, their instructions shall be given in writing. If the Engineer or a delegated assistant:
(a) 发出一口头指示；(a) gives an oral instruction,
(b) 在发出指示后2个工作日内，从承包商（或承包商授权的他人）处接到指示的书面确认；以及
(b) receives a written confirmation of the instruction, from (or on behalf of) the Contractor, within two working days after giving the instruction, and
(c) 在接到确认后2个工作日内未颁发一书面拒绝和（或）指示作为回复，
(c) does not reply by issuing a written rejection and/or instruction within two working days after receiving the confirmation,
则此确认构成工程师或授权助理的书面指示（视情况而定）。
then the confirmation shall constitute the written instruction of the Engineer or delegated assistant (as the case may be).
3.4工程师的撤换3.4Replacement of the Engineer
如果雇主准备撤换工程师，则必须在期望撤换日期42天以前向承包商发出通知说明拟替换的工程师的名称、地址及相关经历。如果承包商对替换人选向雇主发出了拒绝通知，并附具体的证明资料，则雇主不能撤换工程师。
If the Employer intends to replace the Engineer, the Employer shall, not less than 42 days before the intended date of replacement, give notice to the Contractor of the name, address and relevant experience of the intended replacement Engineer. The Employer shall not replace the Engineer with a person against whom the Contractor raises reasonable objection by notice to the Employer, with supporting particulars.
3.5决定 3.5Determinations
每当合同条件要求工程师按照本款规定对某一事项作出商定或决定时，工程师应与合同双方协商并尽力达成一致。如果未能达成一致，工程师应按照合同规定在适当考虑到所有有关情况后作出公正的决定。
Whenever these Conditions provide that the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with this Sub-Clause 3.5 to agree or determine any matter, the Engineer shall consult with each Party in an endeavour to reach agreement. If agreement is not achieved, the Engineer shall make a fair determination in accordance with the Contract, taking due regard of all relevant circumstances.
工程师应将每一项协议或决定向每一方发出通知以及具体的证明资料。每一方均应遵守该协议或决定，除非和直到按照第20条【索赔、争端和仲裁】规定作出了修改。
The Engineer shall give notice to both Parties of each agreement or determination, with supporting particulars. Each Party shall give effect to each agreement or determination unless and until revised under Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration].
4 承包商4. The Contractor
4.1承包商的一般义务4.1Contractor's General
承包商应按照合同的规定以及工程师的指示（在合同规定的范围内）对工程进行设计、施工和竣工，并修补其任何缺陷。
The Contractor shall design (to the extent specified in the Contract), execute and complete the Works in accordance with the Contract and with the Engineer's instructions, and shall remedy any defects in the Works.
承包商应为工程的设计、施工、竣工以及修补缺陷提供所需的临时性或永久性的永久设备、合同中注明的承包商的文件、所有承包商的人员、货物、消耗品以及其他物品或服务。
The Contractor shall provide the Plant and Contractor's documents specified in the Contract, and all Contractor's Personnel, Goods, consumables and other things and services, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, required in and for this design, execution, completion and remedying of defects.
承包商应对所有现场作业和施工方法的完备性、稳定性和安全性负责。除合同中规定的范围，承包商(i)应对所有承包商的文件、临时工程和按照合同规定对每项永久设备和材料的所做的设计负责；以及(ii)但对永久工程的设计或规范不负责任。
The Contractor shall be responsible for the adequacy, stability and safety of all Site operations and of all methods of construction. Except to the extent specified in the Contract, the Contractor (i) shall be responsible for all Contractor's documents, Temporary Works, and such design of each item of Plant and Materials as is required for the item to be in accordance with the Contract, and (ii) shall not otherwise be responsible for the design or specification of the Permanent Works.
在工程师的要求下，承包商应提交为实施工程拟采用的方法以及所作安排的详细说明。在事先未通知工程师的情况下，不得对此类安排和方法进行重大修改。
The Contractor shall, whenever required by the Engineer, submit details of the arrangements and methods which the Contractor proposes to adopt for the execution of the Works. No significant alteration to these arrangements and methods shall be made without this having previously been notified to the Engineer.
如果合同中明确规定由承包商设计部分永久工程，除非专用条件中另有规定，否则：
If the Contract specifies that the Contractor shall design any part of the Permanent Works, then unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:
(a) 承包商应按照合同中说明的程序向工程师提交该部分工程的承包商的文件；
(a) the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the Contractor's documents for this part in accordance with the procedures specified in the Contract;
(b) 承包商的文件必须符合规范和图纸，并使用第1.4款【法律和语言】规定的交流语言，还应包括工程师要求的为统一各方设计而应加入图纸中的附加信息；
(b) these Contractor's documents shall be in accordance with the Specification and Drawings, shall be written in the language for communications defined in Sub-Clause 1.4 [Law and Language], and shall include additional information required by the Engineer to add to the, Drawings for co-ordination of each Party's designs;
(c) 承包商应对该部分工程负责，并且该部分工程完工后应适合于合同中规定的工程的预期目的；以及
(c) the Contractor shall be responsible for this part and it shall, when the Works are completed, be fit for such purposes for which the part is intended as are specified in the Contract; and
(d) 在开始竣工检验之前，承包商应按照规范规定向工程师提交竣工文件以及操作和维修手册，且应足够详细，以使雇主能够操作、维修、拆卸、重新安装、调整和修理该部分工程。在将此类文件和手册提交工程师之前，依据第10.1款【对工程和区段的接收】的规定，不得认为为接收之目的该部分工程业已完成。
(d) prior to the commencement of the Tests on Completion, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the "as-built" documents and operation and maintenance manuals in accordance with the Specification and in sufficient detail for the Employer to operate, maintain, dismantle, reassemble, adjust and repair this part of the Works. Such part shall not be considered to be completed for the purposes of taking-over under Sub-Clause 10.1 [Taking Over of the Works and Sections] until these documents and manuals have been submitted to the Engineer.
4.2履约保证4.2Performance Security
承包商应（自费）取得一份保证其恰当履约的履约保证，保证的金额和货币种类应与投标函附录中的规定一致。如果投标函附录中未说明金额，则本款不适用。
The Contractor shall obtain (at his cost) a Performance Security for proper performance, in the amount and currencies stated in the Appendix to Tender. If an amount is not stated in the Appendix to Tender, this Sub-Clause shall not apply.
承包商应在收到中标函后28天内将此履约保证提交给雇主，并向工程师提交一份副本。该保证应在雇主批准的实体和国家（或其它管辖区）管辖范围内颁发，并采用专用条件附件中规定的格式或雇主批准的其他格式。
The Contractor shall deliver the Performance Security to the. Employer within 28 days after receiving the Letter of Acceptance, and shall send a copy to the Engineer. The Performance Security shall be issued by an entity and from within a country (or other jurisdiction) approved by the Employer, and shall be in the form annexed to the Particular Conditions or in another form approved by the Employer.
在承包商完成工程和竣工并修补任何缺陷之前，承包商应保证履约保证将持续有效。如果该保证的条款明确说明了其期满日期，而且承包商在此期满日期前第28天还无权收回此履约保证，则承包商应相应延长履约保证的有效期，直至工程竣工并修补了缺陷。
The Contractor shall ensure that the Performance Security is valid and enforceable until the Contractor has executed and completed the Works and remedied any defects. If the terms of the Performance Security specify its expiry date, and the Contractor has not become entitled to receive the Performance Certificate by the date 28 days prior to the expiry date, the Contractor shall extend the validity of the Performance Security until the Works have been completed and any defects have been remedied.
雇主不能按照履约保证提出索赔，但以下按照合同雇主有权获得款额的情况除外：
The Employer shall not make a claim under the Performance Security, except for amounts to which the Employer is entitled under the Contract in the event of:
(a) 承包商未能按照上一段的说明，延长履约保证的有效期，此时雇主可对履约保证的全部金额进行索赔，
(a) failure by the Contractor to extend the validity of the Performance Security as described in the preceding paragraph, in which event the Employer may claim the full amount of the Performance Security,
(b) 按照承包商同意或依据第2.5款【雇主的索赔】或第20条【索赔、争端和仲裁】的决定，在此协议或决定后42天内承包商未能向雇主支付应付的款额，
(b) failure by the Contractor to pay the Employer an amount due, as either agreed by the Contractor or determined under Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] or Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration], within 42 days after this agreement or determination,
(c) 在接到雇主要求修补缺陷的通知后42天内，承包商未能修补缺陷，或
(c) failure by the Contractor to remedy a default within 42 days after receiving the Employer's notice requiring the default to be remedied, or
(d) 按照第15.2款【雇主提出终止】的规定雇主有权提出终止的情况，无论是否发出了终止通知。
(d) circumstances which entitle the Employer to termination under Sub¬Clause 15.2 [Termination by Employer], irrespective of whether notice of termination has been given.
雇主应保障并使承包商免于因为雇主按照履约保证对无权索赔的情况提出索赔的后果而遭受损害、损失和开支（包括法律费用和开支）。
The Employer shall indemnify and hold the Contractor harmless against and from all damages, losses and expenses (including legal fees and expenses) resulting from a claim under the Performance Security to the extent to which the Employer was not entitled to make the claim.
雇主应在接到履约证书副本后21天内将履约保证退还给承包商。
The Employer shall return the Performance Security to the Contractor within 21 days after receiving a copy of the Performance Certificate.
4.3承包商的代表4.3Contractor's Representative
承包商应任命承包商的代表，并授予他在按照合同代表承包商工作时所必需的一切权力。
The Contractor shall appoint the Contractor's Representative and shall give him all authority necessary to act on the Contractor's behalf under the Contract.
除非合同中已注明承包商的代表的姓名，否则承包商应在开工日期前将其准备任命的代表姓名及详细情况提交工程师，以取得同意。如果同意被扣压或随后撤销，或该指定人员无法担任承包商的代表，则承包商应同样地提交另一合适人选的姓名及详细情况以获批准。
Unless the Contractor's Representative is named in the Contract, the Contractor shall, prior to the Commencement Date, submit to the Engineer for consent the name and particulars of the person the Contractor proposes to appoint as Contractor's Repres¬entative. If consent is withheld or subsequently revoked, or if the appointed person fails to act as Contractor's Representative, the Contractor shall similarly submit the name and particulars of another suitable person for such appointment.
没有工程师的事先同意，承包商不得撤销对承包商的代表的任命或对其进行更换。
The Contractor shall not, without the prior consent of the Engineer, revoke the appointment of the Contractor's Representative or appoint a replacement.
承包商的代表应以其全部时间协助承包商履行合同。如果承包商的代表在工程实施过程中暂离现场，则在工程师的事先同意下可以任命一名合适的替代人员，随后通知工程师。
The whole time of the Contractor's Representative shall be given to directing the Contractor's performance of the Contract. If the Contractor's Representative is to be temporarily absent from the Site during the execution of the Works, a suitable replacement person shall be appointed, subject to the Engineer's prior consent, and the Engineer shall be notified accordingly.
承包商的代表应代表承包商按照第3.3款【工程师的指示】的规定接受指示。
The Contractor's Representative shall, on, behalf of the Contractor, receive instructions under Sub-Clause 3.3 [Instructions of the Engineer].
承包商的代表可将其权力、职责与责任委托给任何胜任的人员，并可随时撤销任何此类委托。在工程师收到由承包商的代表签发的说明人员姓名、注明这些权力、职责与责任已委托或撤销的通知之前，任何此类委托或撤销不应产生效力。
The Contractor's Representative may delegate any powers, functions and authority to any competent person, and may''at any time revoke the delegation. Any delegation or revocation shall not take effect until the Engineer has received prior notice signed by the Contractor's Representative, naming the person and specifying the powers, functions and authority being delegated or revoked.
承包商的代表及其委托人应能流利地使用第1.4款【法律和语言】中规定的语言进行日常交流。
The Contractor's Representative and all these persons shall be fluent in the language for communications defined in Sub-Clause 1.4 [Law and Language].
4.4分包商4.4 subcontractor
承包商不得将整个工程分包出去。The contractor shall not subcontract the whole of the works.
承包商应将分包商、分包商的代理人或雇员的行为或违约视为承包商自己的行为或违约，并为之负全部责任。除非专用条件中另有说明，否则：
The Contractor shall be responsible for the acts or defaults of any Subcontractor, his agents or employees, as if they were the acts or defaults of the Contractor. Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:
(a) 承包商在选择材料供应商或向合同中已注明的分包商进行分包时，无需征得同意；
(a) the Contractor shall not be required to obtain consent to suppliers of Materials, or to a subcontract for which the Subcontractor is named in the Contract;
(b) 其他拟雇用的分包商须得到工程师的事先同意；
(b) the prior consent of the Engineer shall be obtained to other proposed Subcontractors;
(c) 承包商应至少提前28天将每位分包商的工程预期开工日期以及现场开工日期通知工程师；以及
(c) the Contractor shall give the Engineer not less than 28 days' notice of the intended date of the commencement of each Subcontractor's work, and of the commencement of such work on the Site; and
(d) 每份分包合同应包含一条规定，即雇主有权按照第4.5款【分包合同利益的转让】（如果可行）或出现第15.2款【雇主提出终止】中规定的终止合同的情况时要求将此分包合同转让给雇主。
(d) each subcontract shall include provisions which would entitle the Employer to require the subcontract to be assigned to the Employer under Sub-Clause 4.5 [Assignment of Benefit of Subcontract] (if or when applicable) or in the event of termination under Sub-Clause 15.2 [Termination by Employer].
4.5分包合同利益的转让4.5Assignment of Benefit of Subcontract
如果分包商的义务超过了缺陷通知期的期满之日，且工程师在此期满日前已指示承包商将此分包合同的利益转让给雇主，则承包商应按指示行事。除非另有说明，否则承包商在转让生效以后对分包商实施的工程对雇主不负责任。
If a Subcontractor's obligations extend beyond the expiry date of the relevant Defects Notification Period and the Engineer, prior to this date, instructs the Contractor to assign the benefit of such obligations to the Employer, then the Contractor shall do so. Unless otherwise stated in the assignment, the Contractor shall have no liability to the Employer for the work carried out by the Subcontractor after the assignment takes effect.
4.6合作4.6Co-operation
承包商应按照合同的规定或工程师的指示，为下述人员从事其工作提供一切适当的机会：
The Contractor shall, as specified in the Contract or as instructed by the Engineer, allow appropriate opportunities for carrying out work to:
(a)雇主的人员；(a) the Employer's Personnel,(b)雇主雇用的任何其他承包商；以及(b) any other contractors employed by the Employer, and(c)任何合法公共机构的人员，(c) the personnel of any legally constituted public authorities,
这些人员可能被雇用于现场或于现场附近从事合同中未包括的任何工作。
who may be employed in the execution on or near the Site of any work not included in the Contract.
如果（并在
承包商负责的临时工程或通行道路安排。
Any such instruction shall constitute a Variation if and to the extent that it causes the Contractor to incur Unforeseeable Cost. Services for these personnel and other contractors may include the use of Contractor's Equipment, Temporary Works or access arrangements which are the responsibility of the Contractor.
如果按照合同规定，要求雇主按照承包商的文件给予承包商对任何基础、结构、永久设备或通行手段的占用，承包商应在规范规定的时间内以其规定的方式向工程师提交此类文件。
If, under the Contract, the Employer is required to give to the Contractor possession of any foundation, structure, plant or means of access in accordance with Contractor's documents, the Contractor shall submit such documents to the Engineer in the time and manner stated in the Specification.
4.7放线4.7Setting Out
承包商应根据合同中规定的或工程师通知的原始基准点、基准线和参照标高对工程进行放线。承包商应对工程各部分的正确定位负责，并且矫正工程的位置、标高或尺寸或准线中出现的任何差错。
The Contractor shall set out the Works in relation to original points, lines and levels of reference specified in the Contract or notified by the Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for the correct positioning of all parts of the Works, and shall rectify any error in the positions, levels, dimensions or alignment of the Works.
雇主应对此类给定的或通知的参照项目的任何差错负责，但承包商在使用这些参照项目前应付出合理的努力去证实其准确性。
The Employer shall be responsible for any errors in these specified or notified items of reference, but the Contractor shall use reasonable efforts to verify their accuracy before they are used.
如果由于这些参照项目的差错而不可避免地对实施工程造成了延误和（或）导致了费用，而且一个有经验的承包商无法合理发现这种差错并避免此类延误和（或）费用，承包商应向工程师发出通知并有权依据第20.1款【承包商的索赔】，要求：
If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs Cost from executing work which was necessitated by an error in these items of reference, and an experienced contractor could not reasonably have discovered such error and avoided this delay and/or Cost, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub¬Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:
(a) 根据第8.4款【竣工时间的延长】的规定，获得任何延长的工期，如果竣工已经或将被延误；以及
(a) an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and
(b) 支付任何有关费用加上合理利润，并将之加入合同价格。
(b) payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be included in the Contract Price.
在接到此类通知后，工程师应按照第3.5款【决定】的规定作出商定或决定：
After receiving this notice, the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub¬Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine (i) 是否以及（如果是的话）在多大程度上该差错不能合理被发现；以及
(i) whether and (if so) to what extent the error could not reasonably have been discovered, and (ii) 上面(a)、(b)段中描述的与该程度相关事项(ii) the matters described in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) above related to this extent.
4.8安全措施4.8Safety Procedures
承包商应该：The Contractor shall:
(a) 遵守所有适用的安全规章；(a) comply with all applicable safety regulations,(b) 注意有权进入现场的所有人员的安全；
(b) take care for the safety of all persons entitled to be on the Site,(c) 付出合理的努力清理现场和工程不必要的障碍，以避免对这些人员造成伤害；(c) use reasonable efforts to keep the Site and Works clear of unnecessary obstruction so as to avoid danger to these persons,(d) 提供工程的围栏、照明、防护及看守，直至竣工和按照第10款【雇主的接收】进行移交，以及
(d) provide fencing, lighting, guarding and watching of the Works until completion and taking over under Clause 10 [Employer's Taking Over], and(e) 提供因工程实施，为邻近地区的所有者和占有者以及公众提供便利和�；に匦璧娜魏瘟偈惫こ蹋òǖ缆�、人行道、防护及围栏）。(e) provide any Temporary Works (including roadways, footways, guards and fences) which may be necessary, because of the execution of the Works, for the use and protection of the public and of owners and occupiers of adjacent
4.9质量保证4.9Quality Assurance
承包商应按照合同的要求建立一套质量保证体系，以保证符合合同要求。该体系应符合合同中规定的细节。工程师有权审查质量保证体系的任何方面。
The Contractor shall institute a quality assurance system to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the Contract. The system shall be in accordance with the details stated in the Contract. The Engineer shall be entitled to audit any aspect of the system.
在每一设计和实施阶段开始之前均应将所有程序的细节和执行文件提交工程师，供其参考。任何具有技术特性的文件颁发给工程师时，必须有明显的证据表明承包商对该文件的事先批准。
Details of all procedures and compliance documents shall be submitted to the Engineer for information before each design and execution stage is commenced. When any document of a technical nature is issued to the Engineer, evidence of the prior approval by the Contractor himself shall be apparent on the document itself.
遵守该质量保证体系不应解除承包商依据合同具有的任何职责、义务和责任。
Compliance with the quality assurance system shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his duties, obligations or responsibilities under the Contract.
4.10现场数据4.10 Site Data
在基准日期之前，雇主应向承包商提供雇主掌握的一切现场地表以下及水文条件的有关数据，包括环境方面的数据，以供其参考。雇主同样应向承包商提供其在基准日期后得到的所有数据。承包商应负责对所有数据的解释。
The Employer shall have made available to the Contractor for his information, prior to the Base Date, all relevant data in the Employer's possession on sub-surface and hydrological conditions at the Site, including environmental shall similarly make available to the Contractor all such data which come into the Employer's possession after the Base Date. The Contractor shall be responsible for interpreting all such data.
在一定程度上只要可行（考虑到费用和时间），承包商应被认为已取得了可能对投标文件或工程产生影响或作用的有关风险、意外事故及其他情况的全部必要的资料。在同一程度上，承包商也被认为在提交投标文件之前已对现场及其周围环境、上述数据及提供的其他资料进行了检查与审核，并对所有相关事宜感到满意，包括（但不限定）：
To the extent which was practicable (taking account of cost and time), the Contractor shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information as to risks, contingencies and other circumstances which may influence or affect the Tender or Works. To the same extent, the Contractor shall be deemed to have inspected and examined the Site, its surroundings, the above data and other available information, and to have been satisfied before submitting the Tender as to all relevant matters, including (without limitation):
(a)现场的形状和性质，包括地表以下的条件；(a) the form and nature of the Site, including sub-surface conditions,(b)水文及气候条件；(b) the hydrological and climatic conditions,(c)为实施和完成工程以及修补任何缺陷所需工作和货物的范围和性质；
(c) the extent and nature of the work and Goods necessary for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects,(d)工程所在国的法律、程序和雇佣劳务的习惯作法；以及(d) the Laws, procedures and labour practices of the Country, and(e)承包商要求的通行道路、食宿、设施、人员、电力、交通、水及其他服务。
4.11接受的合同款额的完备性 4.11Sufficiency of the Accepted Contract
承包商应被认为：The Contractor shall be deemed to:
(a) 已完全理解了接受的合同款额的合宜性和充分性，以及(a) have satisfied himself as to the correctness and sufficiency of the Accepted Contract Amount, and(b) 该接受的合同款额是基于第4.10款【现场数据】提供的数据、解释、必要资料、检查、审核及其他相关资料。(b) have based the Accepted Contract Amount on the data, interpretations, necessary information, inspections, examinations and satisfaction as to all relevant matters referred to in Sub-Clause 4.10 [Site Data].
除非合同中另有规定，接受的合同款额应包括承包商在合同中应承担的全部义务（包括根据暂定金额应承担的义务，如有时）以及为恰当地实施和完成工程并修补任何缺陷必需的全部有关事宜。
Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, the Accepted Contract Amount covers all the Contractor's obligations under the Contract (including those under Provisional Sums, if any) and all things necessary for the proper execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects.
4.12不可预见的外界条件 4.12Unforeseeable Physical Conditions
本款中，“外界条件”是指承包商在实施工程中遇见的外界自然条件及人为的条件和其他外界障碍和污染物，包括地表以下和水文条件，但不包括气候条件。
In this Sub-Clause, "physical conditions" means natural physical conditions and man¬ made and other physical obstructions and pollutants, which the Contractor encounters at the Site when executing the Works, including sub-surface and hydro¬logical conditions but excluding climatic conditions.
如果承包商遇到了在他看来是无法预见的外界条件，则承包商应尽可能快地通知工程师。
If the Contractor encounters adverse physical conditions which he considers to have been Unforeseeable, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer as soon as practicable.
此通知应描述该外界条件以便工程师审查，并说明原因为什么承包商认为是不可预见的。承包商应继续实施工程，采用在此外界条件下合适的以及合理的措施，并且应该遵守工程师给予的任何指示。如果此指示构成了变更，第13条【变更和调整】将适用。
This notice shall describe the physical conditions, so that they can be inspected by the Engineer, and shall set out the reasons why the Contractor considers them to be Unforeseeable. The Contractor shall continue executing the Works, using such proper and reasonable measures as are appropriate for the physical conditions, and shall comply with any instructions which the Engineer may give. If an instruction constitutes a Variation, Clause 13 [Variations and Adjustments] shall apply.
如果且在一定程度上承包商遇到了不可预见的外界条件，发出了通知，且因此遭到了延误和（或）导致了费用，承包商应有权依据第20.1款【承包商的索赔】要求：
If and to the extent that the Contractor encounters physical conditions which are Unfore¬seeable. gives such a notice, and suffers delay and/or incurs Cost due to these conditions, the Contractor shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:
(a) 根据第8.4款【竣工时间的延长】的规定，获得任何延长的工期，如果竣工已经或将被延误；以及(a) an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and
(b) 支付任何有关费用，并将之加入合同价格。(b)payment of any such Cost, which shall be included in the Contract Price.
在接到此通知并对此外界条件进行审查和（或）检查以后，工程师应按照第3.5款【决定】的规定，作出商定或决定：
After receiving such notice and inspecting and/or investigating these physical conditions, the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine
(i) 是否以及（如果是的话）在多大程度上该外界条件不可预见；以及(i) whether and (if so) to what extent these physical conditions were Unforeseeable, and(ii) 上面(a)、(b)段中描述的与该程度相关的事项。(ii) the matters described in sub¬paragraphs (a) and (b) above related to this extent.
然而，在依照子段(ii)最终商定或决定附加费用之前，工程师还应审查是否在工程类似部分（如有时）上其他外界条件比承包商在提交投标文件时合理预见的外界条件更为有利。如果并且在一定程度上承包商遇到了此类更为有利的条件，工程师应按照第3.5款【决定】的规定对因此条件而应支付费用的扣除作出商定或决定，并且加入合同价格和支付证书中（作为扣除）。但由于工程类似部分遭受的所有外界条件而按(b)款所作的调整和所有这些扣除的净作用不应导致合同价格的净扣除。
However, before additional Cost is finally agreed or determined under sub¬paragraph (ii), the Engineer may also review whether other physical conditions in similar parts of the Works (if any) were more favourable than could reasonably have been foreseen when the Contractor submitted the Tender. If and to the extent that these more favourable conditions were encountered, the Engineer may proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine the reductions in Cost which were due to these conditions, which may be included (as deductions) in the Contract Price and Payment Certificates. However, the net effect of all adjustments under sub-paragraph (b) and all these reductions, for all the physical conditions encountered in similar parts of the Works, shall not result in a net reduction in the Contract Price.
工程师可以考虑承包商对提交投标文件时合理预见的外界条件提交的任何证据，但不受这些证据的约束。
The Engineer may take account of any evidence of the physical conditions foreseen by the Contractor when submitting the Tender, which may be made available by the Contractor, but shall not be bound by any such evidence.
4.13道路通行权和设施 4.13Rights of Way and
承包商应为包括进入现场在内的他所需的特殊和（或）临时的道路通行权承担全部费用和开支。承包商还应自担风险和费用获得为工程目的其自身所需的现场以外的任何附加设施。
The Contractor shall bear all costs and charges for special and/or temporary rights¬ Facilities of-way which he may require, including those for access to the Site. The Contractor shall also obtain, at his risk and cost, any additional facilities outside the Site which he may require for the purposes of the Works.
4.14避免干扰4.14Avoidance of Interference
承包商不应不必要地或不适当地干扰：The Contractor shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with:
(a) 公众的方便；或(a) the convenience of the public, or(b) 进入和使用以及占用所有道路和人行道，不论这些道路和人行道是公共的或是在雇主或其他人的占用之下。(b) the access to and use and occupation of all roads and footpaths, irres¬pective of whether they are public or in the possession of the Employer or of others.
承包商应保障并使雇主免于因上述不必要或不适当的干扰带来的后果而遭受的损害、损失和开支（包括法律费用和开支）。
The Contractor shall indemnify and hold the Employer harmless against and from all damages, losses and expenses (including legal fees and expenses) resulting from any such unnecessary or improper interference.
4.15进场路线4.15Access Route
承包商应被认为对他选用的进场路线的适宜性和可用性感到满意。承包商应付出合理的努力�；ふ庑┑缆坊蚯帕好庥谝蛭邪痰慕煌ㄔ耸浠虺邪痰娜嗽倍馐芩鸹怠Ｕ庑┡Πㄊ实钡厥褂煤鲜实脑耸涔ぞ吆吐废摺�
The Contractor shall be deemed to have been satisfied as to the suitability and availability of access routes to the Site. The Contractor shall use reasonable efforts to prevent any road or bridge from being damaged by the Contractor's traffic or by the Contractor's Personnel. These efforts shall include the proper use of appropriate vehicles and routes.
除合同中另有说明者外：Except as otherwise stated in these Conditions:
(a) 承包商应该（就双方而言）负责他使用的进场路线的任何必要的维护；(a) the Contractor shall (as between the Parties) be responsible for any maintenance which may be required for his use of access routes;(b) 承包商应提供所有沿进场路线必需的标志或方向指示，并应为使用此类进场路线、标志和方向指示，取得有关部门的批准；(b) the Contractor shall provide all necessary signs or directions along access _. routes, and shall obtain any. permission which may be required from the relevant authorities for his use of routes, signs and directions;(c) 雇主不对由于任何进场路线的采用或其他原因引起的索赔负责；(c) the Employer shall not be responsible for any claims which may arise from the use or otherwise of any access route,(d) 雇主不保证任何特定的进场路线的适宜性和可用性；以及(d) the Employer does not guarantee the suitability or availability of particular access routes, and(e) 因承包商所需的使用的进场路线的不适宜性或不可用性而导致的费用，由承包商承担。(e) Costs due to non-suitability or non-availability, for the use required by the Contractor, of access routes shall be bome by the Contractor.
4.16货物的运输4.16Transport of Goods
除非专用条件中另有说明，否则：Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:
(a) 承包商应在任何永久设备或其他主要货物运送现场日期前不少于21天，通知工程师；(a) the Contractor shall give the Engineer not less than 21 days' notice of the date on which any Plant or a major item of other Goods will be delivered to the Site; (b) 承包商应对工程所需的所有货物和其他物品的包装、装载、运输、接收、卸货、保存和保护负责；以及(b) the Contractor shall be responsible for packing, loading, transporting, receiving, unloading, storing and protecting all Goods, and other things required for the Works; and(c) 承包商应保障并使雇主免于因为货物运输的损坏而遭受损害、损失和开支（包括法律费用和开支），并应协商及支付由于运输所导致的索赔。(c) the Contractor shall indemnity and hold the Employer harmless against and from all damages, losses and expenses (including legal fees and expenses) resulting from the transport of Goods, and shall negotiate and pay all claims arising from their transport.
4.17承包商的设备4.17Contractor's Equipment
承包商应对所有承包商的设备负责。所有承包商的设备一经运至现场，都应视为专门用于该工程的实施。没有工程师的同意，承包商不得将任何主要的承包商的设备移出现场。但负责将货物或承包商的人员运离现场的运输工具，不必经过同意。
The Contractor shall be responsible for all Contractor's Equipment. When brought on to the Site, Contractor's Equipment shall be deemed to be exclusively intended for the execution of the Works. The Contractor shall not remove from the Site any major items of Contractor's Equipment without the consent of the Engineer. However, consent shall not be required for vehicles transporting Goods or Contractor's Personnel off Site.
4.18环境�；� 4.18Protection of the environment
承包商应采取一切合理步骤�；は殖∧谕獾幕肪�，并限制因其施工作业引起的污染、噪音及其他后果对公众和财产造成的损害和妨碍。
The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to protect the environment (both on off the Site) and to limit damage and nuisance to people and property resulting from pollution, noise and other results of his operations.
承包商应保证承包商产生的散发物、地面排水及排污不能超过规范中规定的数值，也不能超过法律规定的数值。
The Contractor shall ensure that emissions, surface discharges and effluent from the Contractor's activities shall not exceed the values indicated in the Specification, and shall not exceed the values prescribed by applicable Laws.
4.19电、水、气 4.19Electricity, Water and Gas
除以下说明外，承包商应对其所需的所有电力、水及其他服务的供应负责。
The Contractor shall, except as stated below, be responsible for the provision of all power, water and other services he may require.
为工程之目的承包商有权享用现场供应的电、水、气及其他设施，其详细规定和价格在规范中给出。承包商应自担风险和自付费用，为此类设施的使用以及所消耗的数量的测定提供任何必需的仪器。
The Contractor shall be entitled to use for the purposes of the Works such supplies of electricity, water, gas and other services as may be available on the Site and of which details and prices are given in the Specification. The Contractor shall, at his risk and cost, provide any apparatus necessary for his use of these services and for measuring the quantities consumed.
此类设施所消耗的数量和应支付的款额（在此价格上），应由工程师按照第3.5款【决定】的规定作出商定或决定。承包商应向雇主支付该项款额。
The quantities consumed and the amounts due (at these prices) for such services shall be agreed or determined by the Engineer in accordance with Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] and Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]. The Contractor shall pay these amounts to the Employer.
4.20雇主的设备和免费提供的材料4.2Employer's Equipment and Free-Issue Material
雇主应按规范中说明的细节、安排和价格，在实施工程中向承包商提供雇主的设备（如有时）。除非规范中另有规定，否则：
The Employer shall make the Employer's Equipment (if any) available for the use of the and Free-Issue Material Contractor in the execution of the Works in accordance with the details, arrangements and prices stated in the Specification. Unless otherwise stated in the Specification:
(a) 雇主应对雇主的设备负责，但是，(a) the Employer shall be responsible for the Employer's Equipment, except that
(b) 当承包商的任何人员在操作、驾驶、指导、占有或控制雇主的设备时，承包商应对每项雇主的设备负责。(b) the Contractor shall be responsible for each item of Employer's Equipment whilst any of the Contractor's Personnel is operating it, driving it, directing it or in possession or control of it.
工程师应对使用雇主的设备的合适数量及应支付的款额（以上述指定价格）按照第3.5款【决定】的规定作出商定或决定。承包商应向雇主支付该项款额。
The appropriate quantities and the amounts due (at such stated prices) for the use of Employer's Equipment shall be agreed or determined by the Engineer in accordance with Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] and Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]. The Contractor shall pay these amounts to the Employer.
雇主应按照规范中规定的细则，免费提供那些“免费提供的材料”（如有时）。雇主应自担风险和自付费用按照合同中规定的时间和地点提供这些材料。然后，承包商应对材料进行目测检查，并应将这些材料的任何短缺、缺陷或损坏通知工程师。除非双方另有协议，否则雇主应立即补齐任何短缺、修复任何缺陷或损坏。
The Employer shall supply, free of charge, the "free-issue materials" (if any) in accordance with the details stated in the Specification. The Employer shall, at his risk and cost, provide these materials at the time and place specified in the Contract. The Contractor shall then visually inspect them, and shall promptly give notice to the Engineer of any shortage, defect or default in these materials. Unless otherwise agreed by both Parties, the Employer shall immediately rectify the notified shortage, defect or default.
在目测检查后，此类免费提供的材料将归承包商照管、监护和控制。承包商检查、照管、监护和控制的义务，不应解除雇主对此材料目测检查时不明显的短缺、缺陷或损坏所负有的责任。
After this visual inspection, the free-issue materials shall come under the care, custody and control of the Contractor. The Contractor's obligations of inspection, care, custody and control shall not relieve the Employer of liability for any shortage, defect or default not apparent from a visual inspection.
4.21进度报告4.21 Progress Reports
除非专用条件中另有说明，承包商应编制月进度报告，并将6份副本提交给工程师。第一次报告所包含的期间应从开工日期起至紧随开工日期的第一个月历的最后一天止。此后每月应在该月最后一天之后的7天内提交月进度报告。
Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions, monthly progress reports shall be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer in six copies. The first report shall cover the period up to the end of the first calendar month following the Commencement Date. Reports shall be submitted monthly thereafter, each within 7 days after the last day of the period to which it relates.
报告应持续至承包商完成了工程接收证书上注明的完工日期时尚未完成的所有工作为止。
Reporting shall continue until the Contractor has completed all work which is known to be outstanding at the completion date stated in the Taking-Over Certificate for the Works.
每份报告应包括：Each report shall include:
(a) 设计（如有时）、承包商的文件、采购、制造、货物运达现场、施工、安装和调试的每一阶段以及指定分包商（在第5款【指定分包商】中定义的）实施工程的这些阶段进展情况的图表与详细说明；(a) charts and detailed descriptions of progress, including each stage-of design (if any), Contractor's documents, procurement, manufacture, delivery to Site, construction, erection and testing; and including these stages for work by each nominated Subcontractor (as defined in Clause 5 [Nominated Subcontractors]),(b) 表明制造和现场进展状况的照片；(b) photographs showing the status of manufacture and of progress on the Site; (c) 与每项主要永久设备和材料制造有关的制造商名称、制造地点、进度百分比，以及以下各项的实际或预期日期：(c) for the manufacture of each main item of Plant and Materials, the name of the manufacturer, manufacture location, percentage progress, and the actual or expected dates of:(i) 开始制造；(i) commencement of manufacture,(ii) 承包商的检查；(ii) Contractor's inspections, and(iii) 检验；以及(iii) Test, and(iv) 运输和到达现场(iv) shipment and arrival at the Site;
(d) 在第6.10款【承包商的人员和设备的记录】中描述的详细情况；(d) the details described in Sub-Clause 6.10 [Records of Contractor's Personnel and Equipment];(e) 若干份质量保证文件、材料的检验结果及证书；(e)copies of quality assurance documents, test results and certificates of Materials;(f) 依据第2.5款【雇主的索赔】和第20.1款【承包商的索赔】颁发的通知清单；(f)List of notices given under Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] and notices given under Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims];(g) 安全统计，包括涉及环境和公共关系方面的任何危险事件与活动的详情；以及(g) safety statistics, including details of any hazardous incidents and activities relating to environmental aspects and public relations; and
(h) 实际进度与计划进度的对比，包括可能影响按照合同完工的任何事件和情况的详情，以及为消除延误而正在（或准备）采取的措施。
(h) comparisons of actual and planned progress, with details of any events o circumstances which may jeopardizethe completion in accordance with the Contract, and the measures being (or to be) adopted to overcome delays.
4.22现场保安 4.22 Security of the Site
除非专用条件中另有规定：Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:
(a) 承包商应负责阻止未获授权的人员进入现场；以及(a)the Contractor shall be responsible for keeping unauthorised persons off the Site, and(b) 授权人员仅限于承包商的人员和雇主的人员，以及雇主的其他承包商在现场的授权人员并由雇主或工程师通知了承包商的任何其他人员。(b) authorised persons shall be limited to the Contractor's Personnel and the Employer's Personnel; and to any other personnel notified to the Contractor, by the Employer or the Engineer, as authorised personnel of the Employer's other contractors on the Site.
4.23承包商的现场工作4.23 Contractor's Operations on Site
承包商应将其工作限制在现场以及承包商可能得到并获得工程师同意作为工作区的任何附加区域。承包商应采取一切必要的预防措施以保证他的人员与设备处在现场及此类附加区域之内，并避免他们进入邻地。
The Contractor shall confine his operations to the Site, and to any additional areas which may be obtained by the Contractor and agreed by the Engineer as working areas. The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to keep Contractor’s Equipment and Contractor’s Personnel within the Site and these additional areas, and to keep them off adjacent land.
在工程实施期间，承包商应使现场避免出现一切不必要的障碍物，存放并妥善处置承包商的任何设备或剩余材料。承包商应从现场清除并运走任何残物、垃圾或不再需要的临时工程。
During the execution of the Works, the Contractor shall keep the Site free from all unnecessary obstruction, and shall store or dispose of any Contractor's Equipment or surplus materials. The Contractor shall clear away and remove from the Site any wreckage, rubbish and Temporary Works which are no longer required.
在颁发接收证书后，承包商应立即从该接收证书涉及的那部分现场和工程中清除并运走承包商的所有设备、剩余材料、残物、垃圾和临时工程。承包商应保持该部分现场和工程处于清洁和安全状况。但是，承包商可以在现场保留在缺陷通知期间内为履行合同中规定的义务所需的货物。
Upon the issue of a Taking-Over Certificate, the Contractor shall clear away and remove, from that part of the Site and Works to which the Taking-Over Certificate refers, all Contractor's Equipment, surplus material, wreckage, rubbish and Temporary Works. The Contractor shall leave that part of the Site and the Works in a clean and safe condition. However, the Contractor may retain on Site, during the Defects Notifi¬cation Period, such Goods as are required for the Contractor to fulfil obligations under the Contract.
4.24化石4.24 Fossils
在工程现场发现的所有化石、硬币、有价值的物品或文物、建筑结构以及其他具有地质或考古价值的遗�；蛭锲酚Υτ诠椭鞯目垂芎腿χ�。承包商应采取合理的预防措施防止承包商的人员或其他人员移动或损坏这些发现物。
All fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, and structures and other remains or items of geological or archaeological interest found on the Site shall be placed under the care and authority of the Employer. The Contractor shall take reasonable precautions to prevent Contractor's Personnel or other persons from removing or damaging any of these findings.
一旦发现此类物品，承包商应立即通知工程师，工程师可发出关于处理上述物品的指示。如果承包商由于遵守该指示而引起延误和(/或)招致了费用，则应进一步通知工程师并有权依据第20.1款【承包商的索赔】，要求：
The Contractor shall, upon discovery of any such finding, promptly give notice to the Engineer, who shall issue instructions for dealing with it. If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs Cost from complying with the instructions, the Contractor shall give a further notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:
(a) 根据第8.4款【竣工时间的延长】的规定，获得任何延长的工期，如果竣工已经或将被延误；以及(a) an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and(b) 支付任何有关费用，并将之加入合同价格。(b) payment of any such Cost, which shall be included in the Contract Price.
在接到此进一步通知后，工程师应按照第3.5款【决定】的规定对此事作出商定或决定。
After receiving this further notice, the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub¬-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]. to agree or determine these matters.
一定程度上）此类指示使承包商增加了不可预见的费用，则构成了变更。为这些人员和其他承包商的服务包括使用承包商的设备，
做专业的人工翻译服务
